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The PROTECT Act of 2003 (, 117 Stat. 650, S. 151, enacted April 30, 2003) is a United States law with the stated intent of preventing child abuse.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Fact Sheet PROTECT Act )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Full Text of S.151 - PROTECT Act (Enrolled as Agreed to or Passed by Both House and Senate) )〕 "PROTECT" is a backronym which stands for "Prosecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to end the Exploitation of Children Today". The PROTECT Act incorporates the Truth in Domain Names Act (TDNA) of 2003 (originally two separate Bills, submitted by Senator Orrin Hatch and Congressman Mike Pence), codified at 18 U.S.C. § 2252(B)(b). == Overview == The law has the following effects:〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=GovTrack.us (database of federal legislation) )〕 *Provides for mandatory life imprisonment of sex offenders convicted of sex offenses against a minor if the offender has had a prior conviction of abuse against a minor, with some exceptions. *Establishes a program to obtain criminal history background checks for volunteer organizations. *Authorizes wiretapping and monitoring of other communications in all cases related to child abuse or kidnapping. *Eliminates statutes of limitations for child abduction or child abuse. *Bars pretrial release of persons charged with specified offenses against or involving children. *Assigns a national AMBER Alert Coordinator. *Implemented Suzanne's Law. Named after Suzanne Lyall, a missing college student at the University at Albany, the law eliminates waiting periods before law enforcement agencies will investigate reports of missing persons ages 18–21. These reports are also filed with the NCIC. *Prohibits computer-generated child pornography when "(B) such visual depiction is a computer image or computer-generated image that is, or appears virtually indistinguishable from that of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct"; (as amended by 1466A for Section 2256(8)(B) of title 18, United States Code). *Prohibits drawings, sculptures, and pictures of such drawings and sculptures depicting minors in actions or situations that meet the Miller test of being obscene, OR are engaged in sex acts that are deemed to meet the same obscene condition. The law does not explicitly state that images of fictional beings who appear to be under 18 engaged in sexual acts that are not deemed to be obscene are rendered illegal in and of their own condition (illustration of sex of fictional minors). *Maximum sentence of 5 years for possession, 10 years for distribution. *Authorizes fines and/or imprisonment for up to 30 years for U.S. citizens or residents who engage in illicit sexual conduct abroad. For the purposes of this law, illicit sexual conduct is defined as commercial sex with or sexual abuse of anyone under 18, or any sex with anyone under 16.〔Chaninat & Leeds (Sex Crimes in Thailand Part 1 ): US Sex Laws Abroad. Thailand Law Forum, September 2009〕〔〔U.S. Department of State http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1467.html〕〔United States Code, (Title 18 Chapter 117 ), 18 USC Sec. 2423, Subsections (c) and (f)〕〔United States Code, (Title 18 Chapter 109A ), 18 USC Sec. 2243, Subsection (a)〕〔(Jury Instruction -- Affecting Interstate or Foreign Commerce )〕 Previous US law was less strict, only punishing those having sex either in contravention of local laws OR in commerce (prostitution); but did not prohibit non-commercial sex with, for example, a 14-year-old if such sex was legal in the foreign territory. *Incorporated other proposed legislation existing at the time as: * *the Code Adam Act of 2003, (Title III, Subtitle D) * *the Truth in Domain Names proposed language (Title V, Subtitle B) * *the Secure Authentication Feature and Enhanced Identification Defense Act of 2003, also cited as the SAFE ID Act, (Title VI, Section 607.) * *the Illicit Drug Anti-Proliferation Act of 2003 (Title VI, Section 608.) The PROTECT Act mandated that the United States Attorney General promulgate new regulations to enforce the 2257 recordkeeping regulation, colloquially known as the '2257 Regulations'. The Free Speech Coalition has filed a lawsuit against the United States Department of Justice claiming the 2257 Regulations are unconstitutional. The PROTECT Act includes prohibitions against illustrations depicting child pornography, including computer-generated illustrations, also known as ''virtual child pornography''.〔〔〔 Provisions against virtual child pornography in the Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996 had been ruled unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in its 2002 decision, ''Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition''. The act was signed into law by President George W. Bush on April 30, 2003.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=President Signs PROTECT Act: President's Remarks Upon Signing of S. 151, the Protect Act )〕 The PROTECT Act allows sex offenders to be sentenced to a lifetime term of federal supervised release. Although targeted most directly at sex offenders, it the PROTECT Act affects all federal supervised releasees. The PROTECT Act removed the "aggregation requirement" of and , which had limited the net amount of imprisonment that a sentencing court could impose for supervised release violations. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「PROTECT Act of 2003」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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